1. why fecal organic fertilizer should be applied after full decomposition

In the organic fertilizer of undecomposed manure, a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic roundworm eggs are carried.

After being applied to farmland, part of it is attached to crops to cause direct pollution, and part of it enters the soil to cause indirect pollution. In addition, after the undecomposed fecal organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, it can only be absorbed and selected by crops after fermentation. On the one hand, high temperature will cause seedling burning, and on the other hand, ammonia will be released, causing poor plant growth. Therefore, when applying fecal organic fertilizer, it must be fully decomposed.

2. application of organic fertilizer should pay attention to those problems

(1) organic fertilizer containing nutrients is not a panacea.Organic fertilizer contains many kinds of nutrients, which is an advantage compared with single nutrient fertilizer, but it contains unbalanced nutrients and can not meet the needs of high yield and high quality of crops.

(2) organic fertilizer decomposition is slow, fertilizer effect is late.Although the content of organic fertilizer is complete, the content is low, and it decomposes slowly in the soil. When the amount of organic fertilizer is not very large, it is difficult to meet the needs of crops for nutrients.

(3) Organic fertilizer needs to be fermented.Many organic fertilizers with germs, eggs and weed seeds, some organic fertilizers are not conducive to the growth of crops of organic compounds, so should be after the pile of fermentation, processing can be applied, raw manure can not be under the ground.

(4) the use of organic fertilizer taboo.Decayed organic fertilizer should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizer and nitrate fertilizer.

3. how to distinguish between biological organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer

(1) Visual identification.Under the action of beneficial microorganisms, bio-organic fertilizer is fully fermented and decomposed, with brown or dark brown appearance and single color. However, other organic fertilizers have different colors due to different production operations. For example, refined organic fertilizer is the primary color of feces and farmyard manure is piled up in the open air, with great color changes.

(2) water immersion smell.Different organic fertilizers are placed in a cup filled with water. Refined organic fertilizers and farmyard manure emit a strong odor due to incomplete fermentation or fermentation, while bio-organic fertilizers do not have this phenomenon.

What are the application methods of 4. compound fertilizer? The application methods of compound fertilizer are mainly as follows

(1) Base fertilizer application:Before sowing, when the soil is prepared, it is spread to the surface and turned to the bottom of the plough, usually 10-20cm under the plough layer is the best.

(2) Application of seed fertilizer:Must pay attention to seed, fertilizer isolation 8~10cm is good.

(3) Used for flushing and fertilization:In the later stage of crop growth, the fertilizer is dissolved and watered, and the effect of flushing is good.

(4) For foliar fertilizer:After the compound fertilizer is dissolved in proportion, the supernatant is sprayed on the front and back of the leaves after 4 pm, and it can be absorbed in 24 hours, and the effect is quick when sprayed every 5-7 days.

What problems should be paid attention to in the mixed application of 5. fertilizers

(1) After the fertilizer is mixed, the physical properties of the fertilizer cannot be deteriorated for easy application.

(2) The nutrients in the fertilizer cannot be lost after mixing.

(3) If the fertilizer particle size disparity when mixing, so that the fertilizer in the storage and fertilization process of uneven particle size and resulting in uneven distribution of nutrients, can not be mixed.

(4) After the fertilizer is mixed, it is beneficial to improve the fertilizer efficiency and work efficiency.

What is the role of 6. microbial fertilizer

(1) Through the life activities of these beneficial microorganismsThe molecular nitrogen that cannot be used in the air is fixed and converted into combined nitrogen, the combined phosphorus and potassium that cannot be used in the soil are analyzed as available phosphorus and potassium, and more than 10 kinds of medium and trace elements in the soil can be analyzed.

(2) Through the life activities of these beneficial microorganismsSecreting auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, indolic acid and other plant hormones, promote crop growth, regulate crop metabolism, according to the genetic code to build quality products.

(3) through a large number of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, produce a large number of polysaccharides, and plant secretion of mucus and mineral colloids, organic colloid combination, the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance soil storage, water retention capacity. Good quality microbial fertilizer can promote the growth of crops, improve soil structure, improve the quality of crop products and improve the ability of disease prevention and disease resistance of crops, so as to increase production and income.

What should be paid attention to in promoting the use of 7. microbial fertilizer

(1) Microbial fertilizers that have not obtained the national registration certificate cannot be promoted.

(2) do not use microbial fertilizers that do not reach the standard number of effective living bacteria.

(3) the storage time exceeds the validity of the microbial fertilizer should not be used.

(4) The storage conditions and use methods must be strictly in accordance with the regulations.

8. foliar spraying urea should pay attention to those problems

(1) Do not spray before hot weather or rain to avoid burning seedlings or loss of fertilizer. Spraying time should be carried out in the morning or afternoon every day, and spray again every 7 to 10 days after spraying.

(2) When spraying cereal crops or crops with smooth leaves, 0.1% adhesive (such as washing powder, washing and cleaning) should be added. Otherwise, the effect is not good.

(3) For spraying urea, the content of biuret should not be higher than 0.5%, and the high content is easy to damage the leaves.

(4) Different types of crops require different concentrations of urea solution. Generally, cereal crops require a spraying concentration of 1.5 ~ 2%, and the concentration is lower when spraying at flowering. The spraying concentration of leafy vegetables and cucumber is 1~1.5%. Apples, pears, grapes and other fruit trees to 0.5 per cent is appropriate. Tomato 0.3% is appropriate.

What problems should be paid attention to in the combined application of 9. chemical fertilizer and farm manure

(1) Application time.Farmyard manure is slow to take effect and should be applied early, usually at the end of a one-time application before sowing. However, the amount of chemical fertilizer is small and the effect is quick, and it should be applied about 7 days before the peak period of nutrient absorption by crops.

(2) the method of application.Farm manure should be combined with deep tillage into the soil layer, or combined with ridging buckle into the bottom of the ridge. Nitrogen fertilizer matched with farmyard manure, 30% as base fertilizer and 70% as top dressing. Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer at one time.

(3) Number of applications.Chemical fertilizer is applied in combination with farmyard manure, and its dosage can be different according to the fertility of crops and soil. For example, if corn is planted on barren land, 4 cubic meters of farmyard manure, 24kg of urea, 13kg of phosphate fertilizer or 13kg of 15:15:15 compound fertilizer can be applied per mu. Medium fertility soil can be applied with 3 cubic meters of farmyard manure, 20 kilograms of urea, or 12 kilograms of 15:15:15 compound fertilizer. High fertility soil can apply 2.5 cubic meters of farmyard manure and 15 kilograms of urea. Urea is better when used in top dressing. Base fertilizer is preferred for compound fertilizer.

10. how to apply base fertilizer better

Judging from the amount of fertilizer, the specific amount of various fertilizers as base fertilizer can be determined by referring to the results of local field fertilizer efficiency tests for many years and comprehensive factors such as target yield. Generally, about 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer in high fertility soil, 50% ~ 70% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer in medium and low fertility soil, while phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer are applied as far as possible at one time. From the perspective of fertilizer varieties, ammonium carbonate in nitrogen fertilizer, calcium, diammonium, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and three materials in phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash in potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and manganese fertilizer in trace fertilizer are all suitable as base fertilizer. In terms of depth, the general base fertilizer should be applied to the entire tillage layer, that is, a depth of 15 to 20cm. The upper layer is applied to a depth of about 5cm.

For organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, can be mixed evenly spread on the surface, then plowed into the soil, so that fertilizer and full tillage soil evenly mixed. Due to poor mobility, phosphate fertilizer should be applied in two layers at the bottom, I .e. the lower layer should be applied to a depth of 15-20cm,